Wool

Wool is a natural fiber that comes from the fleece of sheep, and it is naturally biodegradable. In interior spaces, it is used for upholstery, wall covering, drapery, carpet, and rugs. It comes in a variety of colors and patterns, and burns only when exposed to a flame.

01: Steam-folded wool felt seats

Characteristics

Natural fiber
Keratin-based protein fiber from the fleece of sheep
Naturally biodegradable
Thermal
Breathable
Moisture management (hydrophobic)
Soft and comfortable, but has a rough texture
Naturally high level of UV protection, antistatic, antistain, easy care
Has a natural crimp which gives it resilience
Burns only when exposed to a flame
Short, staple-length fibers

02: Cream wool carpet

Production Process

Wool comes from the fleece of sheep
It can be stock dyed
May be dyed in the fiber stage
Step by step:
- Shearing or chemical removal of the fleece
- Washing the fleece to remove potassium salts and using an acid bath to remove cockleburs and vegetable matter
- Removing lanolin, which is reused
- Carding and spinning to make yarn
- Further production into fabric
Maintenance
- White wool will yellow
- Bacteria can breed, and moths will eat wool
- Can be damaged by strong laundry detergents
- Avoid soil accumulation
- Vacuum regularly
- Spot and stain removal--only use mild soap, blot dry

03: Pure wool fabric wall - baby cradle

Environmental Impact

Wool is naturally biodegradable
Wool fibers have a low abrasion resistance, and are not strong, but pills break off easily
It is highly insulative, which reduces heat costs when used as flooring or wall coverings
More expensive to produce than human-made fibers
Most likely harvested away from source and needs transportation
Finishing and dying require chemicals and water
Wool is recyclable

Application

Wool is used for numerous interior applications, such as upholstery, wallcovering, drapery, carpets, and rugs.

With wool carpet, it is important to consider location of application. However, natural wool carpet bounces back even after foot traffic and furniture placement.

Wool carpet is made from short, staple-length fibers and is durable and elastic
It comes in a variety of colors and patterns, and it can be recycled
Wool is also naturally flame resistant and helps with humidity by absorbing moisture
If sitting on the wool carpet, little strands of fiber can get on one's clothing. While harmless, this is something to consider.
For maintenance, blot and do not rub or the stain can spread. Use mild soap or undiluted vinegar. Apply lukewarm water and blot dry

Tests:

ASTM D1334-96 Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Commercial Scale
NFPA 262 “Steiner Tunnel” Flame Test

04: Traditional Wool Damask Area Rug

Resources

Images:

01: Steam-folded wool felt seats - Dezeen

02: Cream wool carpet - Dezeen

03: Pure wool fabric wall - baby cradle - Dezeen

04: Traditional Damask Wool Area Rug - Touch of Modern

05: Hand-tufted wool carpet - Dezeen

Header: Wool wall hangings - Dezeen

Information:

Page by Lauren Brahm

05: Hand-tufted wool carpet